HA With Arthrocentesis Reduces Pain, Improves MIO

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a common source of orofacial pain and functional limitation, often presenting with decreased maximal incisal opening (MIO) and joint discomfort. Arthrocentesis has emerged as a minimally invasive and effective intervention for internal derangements of the TMJ, functioning through lavage of inflammatory mediators and lysis of adhesions. The adjunctive use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) has been proposed to enhance outcomes by improving joint lubrication, reducing inflammation, and promoting cartilage homeostasis. Despite widespread use, there remains no consensus regarding the optimal dosage of HA following arthrocentesis. Variability in dosing protocols introduces uncertainty in clinical decision-making, particularly when balancing cost considerations with therapeutic benefit. Current literature demonstrates the overall efficacy of HA supplementation, but the impact of different concentrations on clinical outcomes such more...