Paternal Smoking Before Pregnancy Linked to Higher Risk of Miscarriage

Classic Article Review  – Background: Pregnancy loss affects up to 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies. While maternal risk factors are well established, the influence of paternal lifestyle factors during the preconception period remains sparse despite biological evidence linking male lifestyle factors to oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage. Objective: To assess the association between paternal preconception lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), and the risk of pregnancy loss. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. A total of 11 observational studies from the United States, Europe, China, and Mexico, including populations ranging from small cohorts to nearly 6 million pregnancies, met inclusion criteria. Methods: PUBMED and EMBASE were searched through August 2020. The review excluded studies limited to assiste more...