Association Between Anti–TNF-α Agents, Oral Adverse Effects

Background: Anti–tumor necrosis factor-α (anti–TNF-α) have become the mainstay in managing several disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn disease by modulating the inflammatory response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines. While these agents are effective in treating these diseases, there are adverse effects associated with their use, including infections, paradoxical immune-mediated reactions, and malignancies. Objective: To analyze “real-world” data to assess the prevalence of oral adverse events (OAEs) associated with anti–TNF-α agents and to compare the prevalence of these OAEs in patients who are and are not prescribed anti–TNF-α agents. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data collected from a global, federated health research platform during a 5-year interval ending in 2025. Patients who were prescribed anti–TNF-α agents (eg, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab) were identified. Patients with pre-existing oral manifestat more...